Adaptation mechanism

There are three coping mechanisms:

1.passivny way to adapt - the type of tolerance, endurance;

2.adaptivny course of action at the cellular and tissue level;

3.rezistentny way - remains relatively constant internal environment

Specific adaptive mechanisms inherent in man, give him the opportunity to carry a certain scale factor deviations from the optimal values without disrupting normal body functions. Zone quantify physical activity, deviating from the optimum, but does not disrupt vital functions, defined as the area rule. There are two: the deviation in the direction of lack of exercise dosage and the side of excess. Further shift may reduce the effectiveness of coping mechanisms, and even disrupt the body's vital functions. At the extreme lack of stress or an excess of isolated zones pessimum. Adapting to any factor associated with energy consumption. In the area of the optimum active mechanisms are not needed and energy is spent on basic life processes, the body is in equilibrium with the environment. With increasing load and exit it out of the optimum include adequate mechanisms.

Mechanisms for providing adaptive nature of the overall stabilization of individual functional systems (ie, increased consumption of oxygen, increasing the intensity of metabolic processes. This is on the organ level: increased blood flow, increased blood pressure, increased breathing capacity of lungs, increase in breathing, breathing becomes more deep) and the organism as a whole. General adaptive response of the organism are nonspecific, that is, the body reacts similarly in response to different quality and strength of stimuli (exercise).

Emergency and long-term adaptation.

A sharp change in environmental conditions that threaten the organism starts its complex adaptive response. The main regulatory system of the latter is the hypothalamus - pituitary-adrenal system, whose activities, in the end, and reconstructs the activity of autonomic systems of the body so that the shift of homeostasis is eliminated or terminated early.

This adaptive remodeling is actively involved and the nervous system, especially the hypothalamic department. In the central nervous system changes occur cellular metabolism, in particular, increases the metabolism of important biological macromolecules - RNA and proteins. After the elimination of homeostasis metabolism of macromolecules in the neural structures involved in the process of adaptation is still changed. This is the mechanism of adaptation: if the threat of damage to the homeostasis persists, it will take place against a background of already altered, adapted to the emotional stress metabolism of cellular structures. Since the re-exposure stress factor leads to adaptation, namely, based on this exercise, the changes in the metabolism of RNA and proteins biologically feasible and contribute to more efficient development of physiological adaptation. During the formation of adaptation to natural environmental factors play the leading role of the reaction of the adrenal cortex, adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion, excited by the pituitary gland.